Tag Archives: role

Advanced Practice Nursing in China

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
Yes

Title:
Nurse Specialist

Nationally Certified:
Uncertain

Recognize Foreign Licensure:
Uncertain

Treatment Authority:
Uncertain

Prescribing Authority:
No

Practice Autonomously:
Uncertain

Contact:
Ministry of Health

Role

Nursing in China today has been pursuing the development of Advanced Practice Nursing roles (Wong et al., 2010).  While this initiative has begun there are several key influencing hurdles that will need to be addressed if such a role will be developed: 1. there are twice as many physicians in the country as that of nurses (Wong et al., 2010).  As a result much of the more advanced patient care that is currently provided in other developed nations is provided by physicians (Wong et al., 2010).  Additionally, nursing in China is a female-driven profession in a male-driven society, causing a gender-centric perspective (Wong et al., 2010).

The nursing role in China today has been developing as well.  Traditionally, the majority of nurses are educated at the diploma-level (64.5%) which incorporated 12 years of specialized primary and secondary schooling (Wong et al., 2010).  Another 24.3% have degrees at the associates level, which have been compared to nursing diploma schools in the United States, and approximately 1.3% hold bachelor degrees in nursing (Nichols, Davis, & Richardson, 2011; Wong et al., 2010).

An initiative by China’s Health Ministry has set to double their nurses to 4.45 million by 2020 (Xiang, 2011).  Registration and licensure of nurses has also been a recent initiative of China and since mid 2009 all nurses are required to pass the Chinese licensure exam (Nichols, Davis, & Richardson, 2011).  While the current education level of nursing in China has been lesser than that of other nations, China has been increasing in the exportation of nurses on the international level and as a result more programs are providing education focusing on passing the NCLEX exam necessary for more international regulation (Nichols, Davis, & Richardson, 2011; Wong et al., 2010).  With increased education provided in China, the advancement of nursing will also increase in quality.

Because of these strong factors that influence the nursing role in China, the emerging APN role resembles more the clinical nurse specialist, allowing nurses to gain expertise in content areas rather than that of a similar role to physicians (Wong et al., 2010).

Education and Certification

The current education provided for the few individuals who seek advancement in their nursing is provided at the masters level (Wong et al., 2010).  Reportedly, there are more than 30 master-level programs and 4 doctoral programs available in Mainland China as of 2005 (Yan, n.d.).

Specialties

The specialties recognized by China are (Yan, n.d.): 1. Intensive care, 2. Emergency nursing, 3. Organ transplantation, 4. Operating room, and 5. Oncology.

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Nichols, B.L., Davis, C.R., & Richardson, D.R. (2011).  Appendix J:  International models of nursing [pp. 565-642].  The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.  Institute of Medicine.

Wong, F.K., Peng, G., Kan, E.C. (2010).  Description and evaluation of an initiative to develop advanced practice nurses in Mainland China.  Nurse Educator Today, 30, 344-349.

Xiang, Z. (Ed.) (2011, April 28).  China to double number of nurses by 2010: Health Ministry.  China Weekly English News.  Retrieved from: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-04/28/c_13850662.htm

Yan (n.d.).  Advanced nursing practice development in Mainland China [PowerPoint Presentation].  Retrieved from:  http://www.psdas.gov.hk/content/doc/2005-2-03/Yan%20Hu%20-%202005-2-03.pdf

Advanced Practice Nursing in Greece

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
No

Contact:
Hellenic Nurses’ Association

Role

The nursing role in Greece struggles with great job dissatisfaction today.  According to the OECD 2012 health review, Greece’s nurses report a European high of 56% stating they desire to leave their job position.  Once great contributing factor is that there are more physicians that nurses in the country, leading to a shortage of nurses to provide care (Lavdaniti et al., 2008; OECD, 2012).  As a result, there is very little support for advancing the nursing role in the country.

However, there is motivation to expand the nursing role in Greece as there is currently education and seeking out of governance of Nurse Anesthetists in the country (Hellenic Nurses’ Association, 2013).

Education and Certification

Currently, the nursing education system offers master degrees in nursing for educators and individuals in director positions in healthcare (Robinson & Griffiths, 2007).  Additionally, some doctoral degrees are also being pursued, taught and supervised by the medical schools in the country (Robinson & Griffiths, 2007).   There is currently no certification or registration for Advanced Practice Nursing in the country.  Nurses can however seek 3 additional years of training to pursue nurse midwifery.

Specialties

While the role is not particularly expanded for nurses in Greece, individuals can regard themselves as a nurse-specialist.  There are several groups of nurse-specialists recognized by the Hellenic Nurses’ Association (2013):

  • Oncology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Administration
  • Emergency and Intensive Care
  • Education
  • Primary Health Care and Community
  • Mental Health
  • Pediatric

See something and want to add to this page?

References:
Dimitriadou, A., Lavdanti, M., Theofanidis, D., Psychogiou, M., Minasidou, E. … Sapountzi-Krepia, D. (2008).  Interprofessional collaboration and collaboration among nursing staff members in Northern Greece.  International Journal of Caring Sciences. 1(3),140-146

Hellenic Nurses’ Association (2013).  Notice nursing department of anesthesiology ESNE.  Retrieved from: http://www.esne.gr/

OECD (2012). Health At a Glance: Europe 2012 (2nd ed.).  OECD Publishing.  doi: 10.1787/9789264183896-en

Robinson, S. & Griffiths, P. (2007).  Nursing education and regulation: International profiles and perspectives [online publication].  Retrieved from: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348772/1/NurseEduProfiles.pdf

Advanced Practice Nursing in Mexico

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
No Role is Officially Identified

Contact:
Secretería de Salud
Asociación Mexicana de Enfermeras Especializadas en Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva (Mexican Association of Specialized Nurses in Critical and Intensive Care [AMEEMCTI])

Role

Currently there is no specific advanced practice nursing role in Mexico.  Nurses are offered the ability to specialize in intensive and critical care, but to date, nursing has not taken a leader role in health care (AMEEMCTI, n.d.; Secretería de Salúd, 2013).  The 20th ANEC conference in Mexico later this year will include the readdressing of the nursing role in Mexico and will be influenced and collaborated with the International Council of Nurses, allowing for more focused role development appropriate to the country’s healthcare needs (Secretería de Salúd, 2013).

In the meantime, Mexico’s health care system provides significant opportunity and potential for development of the Advanced Practice Nursing role (Pérez-Cuevas, Muñoz Hernández, & Gutiérrez Trujillo, 2010).

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Asociación Mexicana de Enfermeras Especializadas en Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva (n.d.).  AMEEMCTI.  Retrieved from: http://www.ameemcti.org/

Pérez-Cuevas, R., Muñoz Hernández, O., & Gutiérrez Trujillo, G. (2010).  Nurses: The “front gate” to provide effective pediatric preventive care.  Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 67(4).  Retrieved from: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1665-11462010000400010&lng=pt&nrm=iso

Secretería de Salúd (2013). Congreso Nacional de Enfermería, XX ANEC.  Retrieved from: http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cie/cms_cpe/index.php?Id_URL=400despliegue&anio=2013&Id_Nota=222

[Updated: 2013, October 29]

Advanced Practice Nursing in Colombia

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
No Role is Officially Identified

Treatment Authority:
Some registered nurses do have treatment authority

Prescribing Authority:
Uncertain

Contact:
Asociación Nacional de Enfermeras de Colombia
Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Enfermería

Role

Colombia does not currently have an APN role recognized.  While some nurses may function in an advanced practice capacity by diagnosing, treating, and monitoring with minimal supervision of medical doctors, this role does not appear to be expanding due to no medical provider shortage, and possible surplus in the nation (CartagenaSurgery, Personal communication, 2013 August 14).

However, there is still a recognition in the current Colombian health system to push for more preventive care rather than diagnosing and treating and as mentioned by Atehortúa Rada et al. (2014), there is need and interest in advancing the nursing role to champion preventive medicine.

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Atehortúa Rada, G.M., Soto Chaquir, M., López Villegas, M.E. & Buitrago Malaver, L.A. (2014). La práctica avanzada en enfermería: una oportunidad para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad en Colombia.  Revista Cultura del Cuidado 11(1). Retrieved from: http://repositorio.unilibrepereira.edu.co:8080/pereira/bitstream/handle/123456789/223/6%20EPA%20pp.%2060-69.pdf?sequence=1

[Updated 2017, April 7]

Advanced Practice Nursing in South Korea

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
Yes

Title:
Advanced Practice Nurse

Nationally Certified/Registered:
Yes

Recognize Foreign Licensure:
Uncertain

Treatment Authority:
Uncertain

Prescribing Authority:
Uncertain

Practice Autonomously:
No

Contact:

Role

Advanced Practice Nurses in South Korea date back to the 1950s (Sheer & Wong, 2008).  There are various roles of APNs in South Korea including (Sheer & Wong, 2008):

  • Nurse Midwife
  • Community Health Nursing
  • Nurse Anesthetist
  • Mental Health Nurse

While the advanced practice nurses have also existed in their country for more than 20 years, a strong value of the physician role has inhibited the professional respect to allow advanced practice nurses their own autonomy and peer collaboration.  Lack of local support in Korea further is represented as there is only one hospital in the nation that hires APNs in the nurse practitioner role, and even then the position reflects more of a senior nursing position than that of a medical provider (Maryland Nurses’ Association, 2012).

Education & Certification

Advanced Practice Nurses in South Korea are educated at the masters level of graduate education (Kang, 2005; Sheer & Wong, 2008).  The Advanced Practice Nurse role in South Korea is governed and certified by the Ministry of Health (Sheer & Wong, 2008).

Specialties

Advanced Practice Nurses in South Korea have various specialties (Kang, 2005; Sheer & Wong, 2008):

  • Anesthesia
  • Community Health
  • Critical Care
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Gerontology
  • Home Care
  • Infectious Disease
  • Industrial Health
  • Palliative/Hospice
  • Psychiatric/Mental Health

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Kang, Y. (2005).  Development of advanced practice nurses in South Korea.  Applied Nursing Research, 18(4), 226-227.

Maryland Nurses’ Association (2012).  A trip by Korean nurse practitioners to observe the U.S. nurse practitioner’s practice.  Maryland Nurse.  Retrieved from: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+trip+by+Korean+nurse+practitioners+to+observe+U.S.+nurse…-a0293416966

Savrin, C. (2009). Growth and development of the nurse practitioner role around the globe.  Journal of Pediatric Health Care 23, (5),310-314.

Sheer, B. & Wong, F.K.Y. (2008).  The development of advanced nursing practice globally.  Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(3),204-211.

Advanced Practice Nursing in Paraguay

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
No

Contact:
Ministry of Health – Paraguay

Role

There is minimal regulation of the role of health care professionals and their scope of practice available online (Hanratty & Meditz, 1988).  Currently nurses are trained up to the bachelor level in the country, but more detailed nursing role and specialization is not available.  However, the Ministry of Health in Paraguay will consider allowed expanded scopes of practice for individuals trained further outside of Paraguay (Republic of Paraguay, n.d.).

Meanwhile, nursing has expanded in Paraguay, with organized nursing dating back to the 1930’s.  Graduate education has also been offered since the 1980’s and has continued to expand promising future possibilities of the advanced nursing practice in the future (Paraguay Times, n.d.).

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Hanratty, D.M. & Meditz, S.W. (1988).  Paraguay: A country study. Washington, D.C.: GPO for the Library of Congress.  Retrieved from:  http://countrystudies.us/paraguay/36.htm

Paraguay Times (n.d.).  Nursing jobs in Paraguay – An increasing demand.  Retrieved from: http://www.paraguaytimes.com/business-finance/business/nursing-jobs-in-paraguay-an-increasing-demand.html

Republic of Paraguay (n.d.). Del ejercicio de la enfermería el congreso de la nación Paraguaya sanciona con fuerza de ley, No 3206.  Retrieved from: http://www.enfermeria.uc.edu.py/node/53

Advanced Practice Nursing in Namibia

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
Yes

Title:
Midwifery and Neonatology Specialist Midwife (Midwifery and Neonatology)
Critical Care Nursing Specialist Nurse (Critical Care)
Psychiatric Nursing Specialist Nurse (Mental Health)

Nationally Certified/Registered:
Yes

Recognize Foreign Licensure:
Yes

Treatment Authority:
Yes

Prescribing Authority:
Yes

Practice Autonomously:
Uncertain (Yes in rural areas)

Contact:
Nursing Council of Naimibia

Role

The nursing role in Namibia today is expected to train all nurses to also be midwives because of the high need to assist in pregnancies.  As a result, all nurses practice to this level.  Because of the lack of physicians in more rural areas, the nurses in these regions may offer thorough assessment, diagnosis, and treatment based on their being the isolated health provider in a rural area.  Training at the bachelors level has been developed as of 2008 and encouragement from the Namibian government has been to continue to expand the education of nursing (Klopper & Uys, 2010).

As of 2008, the Nursing Council of Namibia also identifies there are several specialties in nursing by which an individual can be trained as a (Health Professions Councils of Namibia, n.d.):

  • Midwifery and Neonatology Specialist Midwife (Midwifery and Neonatology)
  • Critical Care Nursing Specialist Midwife (Critical Care)
  • Psychiatric Nursing Specialist Nurse (Mental Health)

Education & Certficiation

Individuals in the nursing roles can be trained at the bachelor level (Klopper & Uys, 2010).  While all the nurses trained in Namibia have been expected to perform midwifery care, individuals from surrounding countries who come to Namibia to work may not be trained in this task.  As a result, the Namibian schooling offers training to teach those individuals to additionally have the skills to work as a midwife (Klopper & Uys, 2010).

The individuals who pursue the specialties obtain a Masters degree in their specific subject (Health Professions Councils of Namibia, n.d.).

Specialties

The Nursing Council of Namibia does identify several specialties as nurse specialists as mentioned previously as: Midwifery and Neonatology, Critical Care, and Mental Health nurse specialists.  Nurses are also able to obtain a nursing diploma in general nursing as a: midwife, nurse with midwife capabilities, or dermatology (Health Professions Councils of Namibia, n.d.).  According to the Nursing Council of Namibia, there is government sanctioning that identifies additional advanced diplomas that allow a nurse to gain further education in various specialist subjects (Health Professions Councils of Namibia, n.d.):

  • Advanced University Diploma in Operating Room Nursing Science
  • Diploma in Opthalmological Nursing Science
  • Advanced University Diploma in Health Promotion, Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Advanced Diploma in Nursing Education
  • Advanced Diploma in Critical Care Nursing
  • Advanced Diploma in Dermatology
  • Advanced Diploma in Anesthetics
  • Advanced Diploma in Health Service Management
  • Advanced Diploma in Unit Management for Registered Nurses
  • Advanced Diploma in Clinical Nursing Science, Health Assessment, Treatment and Care
  • Advanced Diploma in Community Health Nursing Science
  • Advanced Diploma in Midwifery and Neonatal Nursing Science
  • Advanced Diploma in Occupational Health Nursing Science
  • Advanced Diploma in Gerontological Nursing Science
  • Advanced Diploma in Child Nursing Science
  • Advanced Diploma in Orthopedic Nursing Science
  • Advanced Diploma in Oncology
  • Advanced Diploma in Neonatology
  • Advanced Diploma in Trauma Nursing Science

While this list of advanced diplomas is extensive, it is uncertain the accessibility of these advanced diploma programs, as only the first five were identified to be offered by the University of Namibia (Health Professions Councils of Namibia, n.d.).

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Health Professions Councils of Namibia (n.d.).  Nursing council of Namibia.  Retrieved from: http://www.hpcna.com/nursing_min.php

Klopper, H. & Uys, L.R. (2012). The state of nursing and education in Africa: A country-by-country review [Google eReader version]. Sigma Theta Tau.  Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=SzgiwENnd4UC&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Advanced Practice Nursing in Cyprus

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
See Roles Below

Title:
Diabetic Nurse
Community Mental Health Nurse
Mental Health Nurse for Drug and Alcohol Addiction
Community Nurse

Nationally Certified:
Uncertain

Recognize Foreign Licensure:
Uncertain

Treatment Authority:
Yes

Prescribing Authority:
No

Practice Autonomously:
No

Contact:
Cyprus Registrar of Nursing and Midwifery Council

Role

The Advanced Nursing practice roles do allow for expanded/specialized practice for registered nurses.  While the roles do not function autonomously or prescribing authorities, they do reflect the following scopes of practice (Delamaire & Lafortune, 2010):

  • Diabetic nurse – Advanced practice nurse offering consultation and diagnosis for diabetic patients.  Offers follow up, monitoring, health education and lifestyle advice for non-acute cases.  Offers referral of patients to specialists.
  • Community Mental Health Nurse – Advanced nurse consultation and diagnosis (advanced psychological assessment), follow-up and monitoring for non acute cases, and referral of patients to specialists.
  • Mental Health Nurse for Drug and Alcohol Addition – Advanced nurse consultation and diagnosis (advanced psychological assessment).
  • Community Nurse – Advanced nurse consultation and diagnosis (advanced psychological and physiological assessment), vaccination without a doctor prescription (health visitors only), referral of patients to specialists, management of a range of chronic diseases (follow-up, monitoring, health education and lifestyle advice for non acute cases).

Key factors influencing development of the role of Advanced Practice Nurses in Cyprus is the financial benefit that APNs may be able to provide equal care at a lesser cost than that of physicians (Delamaire & Lafortune, 2010).

Education

The educational requirements of the nursing specializations require post-graduate courses of 12-18 months (Delamaire & Lafortune, 2010).

Specialties

The four specialties offered are that of diabetic nurse, community mental health nurse, mental health nurse for drug and alcohol addiction, and community nurse (Delamaire & Laforutune, 2010).  The Health Ministry of Cyprus lists slightly different specialties of nursing, labeling them, general nursing, health visiting services, mental health nursing, and midwifery (Cyprus Ministry of Health, 2013).  While these are different to that as reported by Delamaire and Lafortune (2010), there is little description or explanation of the roles and as a result, they are little reported here.

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Cyprus Ministry of Health (2013). Nursing Services.  Retrieved from: http://www.moh.gov.cy/moh/moh.nsf/page20_en/page20_en?OpenDocument

Delamaire, M. & Lafortune, G. (2010). Nurses in advanced roles: A description and evaluation of experiences in 12 developed countries.  OECD Health Working Papers, 54, OECD Publishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmbrcfms5g7-en

Advanced Practice Nursing in Belgium

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
Yes

Title:
Nurse Practitioner

Nationally Certified:
Yes

Recognize Foreign Licensure:
Uncertain

Treatment Authority:
No

Prescribing Authority:
No

Practice Autonomously:
No

Contact:
Federal Public Service of Belgium

Role

Belgium is divided into two sections, the North (Flemish) and South (French) sections.  Each functions differently.  The Flemish section has implemented an Advanced Nursing Practice role, the French has not (Sheer & Wong, 2008).  A curriculum for preparing Nurse Practitioners was proposed and awaiting approval as of 2008, but as of 2010 no official role had been established (Delamaire & Lafortune, 2010; Sheer & Wong, 2008).  While the roles of nursing specialties do not appear to include prescribing and diagnosing, they do allow for consultations and referrals to specialists, and ultimately model more of the Clinical Nurse Specialist role elsewhere (Delamaire & Lafortune, 2010; Sheer, 2007).

With the conflicting reports of the current roles, what is certain is that Belgium has had some form of Advanced Practice Nursing roles in two specific titles that have been identified by the Belgian Federal Public Service, namely Intensive and Emergency nurses and Geriatric nurses, and that advanced nursing education is provided in the country (Danish Nurses’ Organization, 2008; Stordeur & Leonard, 2010).  Further, it appears that Advanced Nursing Practice in Belgium is advancing, driven greatly by a health care system with disproportionate general practice and specialist care.  Because of the lack of individuals in certain specialties, there have been more recent pushes encouraging the advancement of nursing practice (Storedur & Leonard, 2010).

Education

Levels of education vary in Belgium.  However, to be a registered Nurse Practitioner of a specialty in Belgium, one needs to have been registered and usually be educated at the bachelors or masters level (Federal Public Service, 2013).

Specialties

For nursing specialists, individuals are able to specialize in intensive care, emergency care, geriatrics, pediatrics and neonatology, mental health and psychiatry, social health care, medical imaging, stomal therapy and wound care, community nursing, oncology, palliative care, anaesthetics, and operations assistant and in instrumentation (operating room) (Robinson & Griffiths, 2007).  The Advanced Practice Nursing roles are more limited in specialty and include the titles of intensive and emergency nursing, geriatric nursing, and transplant nursing (Robinson & Griffiths, 2007; Sheer & Wong, 2008).

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Danish Nurses’ Organization (2008).  Advanced nurse practitioners: Improved health care to chronically ill.  Retrieved from: http://www.dsr.dk/Artikler/Documents/Advanced_Nurse_Practitioners.pdf

Delamaire, M. & Lafortune, G. (2010). Nurses in advanced roles: A description and evaluation of experiences in 12 developed countries.  OECD Health Working Papers, 54, OECD Publishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmbrcfms5g7-en

Federal Public Service (2013).  Nurse Practitioners.  Retrieved from: http://www.health.belgium.be/eportal/Healthcare/healthcareprofessions/Nursingpractitioners/

Sheer, B. (2007, April 17).  Advanced practice nurses: Networking in the international arena.  Medscape News Today.  Retrieved from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/554740

Sheer, B. & Wong, F.K.Y. (2008).  The development of advanced nursing practice globally.  Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(3),204-211.

Stordeur, S. & Leonard, C. (2010).  Challenges in physician supply planning: The case of Belgium.  Human Resources for Health, 8(28),1-11.  doi:10.1186/1478-4491-8-28

Advanced Practice Nursing in Sierra Leone

Posted on by

Snapshot

APN Role Exists in Country Today:
Yes

Title:
Nurse Anesthetist
Nurse Midwife

Nationally Certified:
Uncertain

Recognize Foreign Licensure:
Uncertain

Treatment Authority:
Yes

Prescribing Authority:
Yes

Practice Autonomously:
Yes

Contact:
Sierra Leone Nurses and Midwives Board (for registration) – Registrar: Mrs. Hannah Coker; Phone: 076673741 / 033885138 / 030
Sierra Leone Nurses Association

Role

To understand the advanced nursing practice role in Sierra leone, one must understand the basic structure of nursing in the country.  Essentially, there are several levels of nurse training and several specialties offered in their training:

  • Nurse tutor
  • Opthalmic Nurse
  • Public Health Nurse
  • Maternal and Child Health Aides

Additionally, there are two specific roles of APNs in the country:

  • Nurse-Midwife
  • Nurse Anesthetist

Not much information is available on the nurse anesthetist role, however, they have been in practice for at least 5 years (Klopper & Uys, 2012).  The Nurse-Midwife role encompasses an autonomous role with assessment, diagnosis, and treatment authorities including perinatal care and sexually transmitted infection management around that period as well.

Education and Certification

The National School of Midwifery offers a 2 year program to be taken after basic nursing (Klopper & Uys, 2012).  Ongoing education and recertification is required every 2 years, implying a fairly rigorous process to maintain registration.  The Nurse Tutor, opthalmic nursing training, bachelors of science in nursing, and state registered nurse training is offered through the Faculty of Nursing, a college formerly known as the National School of Nursing.  In the meantime, Sierra Leone has been having nursing educational institutions pop-up that are not accepted and credited by the Sierra Leone Nursing and Midwifery Board because of the increased interest of individuals to become professionals in healthcare.  The endeavor to start up such schools in the country has been deemed as an illegal activity; because of this, the Nursing and Midwifery Board have been cracking down and attempting to stop this from occurring by discouraging facilities from hiring individuals with non-accredited nursing education (Sierra Express Media, 2013).

Specialties

Various disciplines of nursing training are offered through the Faculty of Nursing college, namely medical, surgical, basic sciences, and public health.  Additionally this school offers the specialty of opthalmic nursing education (Klopper & Uys, 2012).

Have information to add to this page?

References:
Klopper, H. & Uys, L.R. (2012). The state of nursing and education in Africa: A country-by-country review.  Sigma Theta Tau.  Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=SzgiwENnd4UC&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Sierra Express Media (2013).  Moves to shut down illegal nursing activities.  Retrieved from: http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/53712